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Anglais · 2ème Année Bac — Arts appliqués

International organisations

Le cours expliqué simplement, les questions que tous les élèves se posent et des exercices type examen national. Programme marocain, gratuit.

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L'essentiel du cours

Ce chapitre traite du rôle et de l'importance des organisations qui travaillent à l'échelle mondiale pour résoudre des problèmes qui dépassent les frontières d'un seul pays.

1. Les deux types d'organisations :

  • IGOs (Intergovernmental Organizations) : Ce sont des organisations créées par des États (gouvernements).
    • Exemples : The UN (United Nations), The African Union (AU), The European Union (EU).
  • NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) : Ce sont des organisations privées, indépendantes des gouvernements. Elles sont souvent formées par des citoyens.
    • Exemples : Red Cross, Amnesty International, Greenpeace.

2. Vocabulaire clé (Keywords) :

  • To promote : Promouvoir.
  • To protect : Protéger.
  • To provide aid : Fournir de l'aide.
  • Human rights : Les droits de l'homme.
  • Peace and security : La paix et la sécurité.
  • Global issues : Les problèmes mondiaux (climat, pauvreté, etc.).
  • To cooperate : Coopérer.
  • Headquarters : Le siège social.

3. Les agences spécialisées de l'ONU (Exemples classiques) :

  • UNESCO : Education, Science, and Culture.
  • UNICEF : Children's rights and welfare.
  • WHO : Global health.

Méthodes à maîtriser

1. Identifier l'objectif d'une organisation dans un texte : Cherchez les verbes d'action et les mots de but.

  • Structure : [Organization] + [Verb] + [Goal].
  • Exemple : "The WHO aims to improve global health."

2. Exprimer le but (Expressing purpose) : Pour expliquer pourquoi une organisation agit, utilisez :

  • $to + \text{infinitif}$
  • $in\ order\ to + \text{infinitif}$
  • $so\ as\ to + \text{infinitif}$

Exemples corrigés

Question : Write a short sentence about the mission of UNICEF. Réponse : UNICEF works in many countries to protect the rights of children and provide them with education and healthcare.

Question : What is the main difference between an IGO and an NGO? Réponse : The main difference is that IGOs are made of member states (governments), while NGOs are private organizations independent of governments.

Erreurs fréquentes

  • Confondre IGO et NGO : Ne dites pas que Greenpeace est une IGO. C'est une NGO car elle n'est pas composée de gouvernements.
  • Oublier le "s" à la 3ème personne : "The UN aims..." (et non "The UN aim").
  • Mauvaise utilisation de "aim" : On dit "aim to do something" et non "aim of doing".
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Défi flash : 4 questions

Sans compte

🎯 International organisations

1/4

Which of the following is an IGO?

❓ Questions fréquentes

What is the difference between an IGO and an NGO?
  1. An IGO (Intergovernmental Organization) is formed by sovereign states (governments), like the UN.
  2. An NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) is a private organization that operates independently of any government, like Amnesty International.

💡 À retenir : IGO = Governments / NGO = Private citizens/groups.

Can you give me three examples of UN agencies and their roles?
  1. UNESCO: Focuses on education, science, and culture.
  2. WHO: Focuses on international public health.
  3. UNICEF: Focuses on the protection and welfare of children.

💡 À retenir : Apprenez au moins ces trois-là, elles tombent souvent à l'examen.

Chno lfarq bin NGO w IGO?

Lfarq l'asasi huwa:

  1. IGO (Intergovernmental Organization) hiya organisation li l'a3da' dyalha homa l'dawlat (states), b7al l'ONU.
  2. NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) hiya organisation khassa (private), machi dyal l'hokouma, b7al Red Cross.

💡 À retenir : IGO = Dawlat / NGO = Jam3iyat khassa.

How can I write an essay about the importance of international organizations?

Suivez ce plan simple :

  1. Introduction : Define what international organizations are and mention their growing importance in a globalized world.
  2. Body Paragraph 1 : Discuss their role in maintaining peace and security (e.g., the UN).
  3. Body Paragraph 2 : Discuss their role in humanitarian aid and human rights (e.g., UNICEF or NGOs).
  4. Conclusion : Summarize your main points and give your final opinion.

💡 À retenir : Utilisez des connecteurs logiques (First, Moreover, In addition, To conclude).

Wach l'ONU hiya l'NGO?

Lla, l'ONU (United Nations) machi NGO. Hiya IGO (Intergovernmental Organization) hit l'a3da' dyalha homa l'dawlat (member states).

💡 À retenir : L'ONU = IGO.

What does "headquarters" mean?

"Headquarters" means the main office or the central location where an organization manages its activities. For example, the UN headquarters is in New York.

💡 À retenir : Headquarters = Siège social.

Is the Red Cross an IGO or an NGO?

The Red Cross is an NGO because it is an independent organization that works to provide humanitarian aid, even though it works closely with governments.

💡 À retenir : Red Cross = NGO.

Kifach n3ref l'objectif dyal chi organisation f texte?

Pour trouver l'objectif dans un texte, cherche ces mots-clés :

  1. Verbes : aims to, seeks to, works to, promotes, protects, provides.
  2. Mots de but : in order to, for the purpose of.
  3. Exemple : "The WHO aims to eradicate diseases." $\rightarrow$ L'objectif est d'éradiquer les maladies.

💡 À retenir : Cherche le verbe juste après le nom de l'organisation.

Why are international organizations important for sustainable development?

They are important because:

  1. They provide funding and resources to developing countries.
  2. They set global standards and rules.
  3. They encourage cooperation between nations to fight climate change and poverty.

💡 À retenir : Cooperation + Resources = Sustainable Development.

What is the role of UNESCO?

UNESCO's role is to promote international cooperation through education, science, and culture to ensure peace and security.

💡 À retenir : UNESCO = Education + Culture.

Can an NGO work with an IGO?

Yes, they often work together. For example, many NGOs work on the ground to implement programs that are funded or organized by IGOs like the UN.

💡 À retenir : They cooperate to achieve common goals.

What is a "global issue"?

A global issue is a problem that affects many countries and requires international cooperation to solve, such as climate change, pandemics, or terrorism.

💡 À retenir : Global issue = Problem for the whole world.

✍️ Exercices type examen national

Exercice 1

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Matching (Level: Easy) Match the organization in column A with its main mission in column B.

Column AColumn B
1. WHOa. Protecting children's rights
2. UNESCOb. Providing humanitarian aid and medical help
3. UNICEFc. Improving global health
4. Red Crossd. Promoting education and culture

Exercise 2: Reading Comprehension (Level: Medium) Read the text and decide if the statements are True or False.

"The United Nations (UN) was founded in 1945 to maintain international peace and security. It consists of many specialized agencies. For instance, the WHO works to fight diseases worldwide, while UNICEF focuses on the welfare of children in developing countries. Although the UN is an IGO, many NGOs like Amnesty International work alongside it to protect human rights."

  1. The UN was created to cause wars. (____)
  2. The WHO is a specialized agency of the UN. (____)
  3. UNICEF's main focus is on adults. (____)
  4. Amnesty International is an example of an IGO. (____)

Exercise 3: Sentence Transformation (Level: Hard) Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets without changing the meaning.

  1. The UN wants to maintain peace. (in order to)
  2. NGOs provide help because they want to protect human rights. (so as to)
  3. The WHO's goal is to improve global health. (aims)
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