International organisations

1. An intergovernmental organization (like the UN) is created by treaties between sovereign states.
2. An NGO (like Amnesty International) is a non-profit group independent of any government.

💡 À retenir : Governments fund intergovernmental organizations, while NGOs rely on donations and volunteers.

1. Chofi wach l'organisation katmouwelha dawla (government) aw la.
2. Ila kanet kat-traite m3a l'governments f'charters (mou3ahadat), rah intergovernmental.
3. Ila kanet kat-khdem b'tatawwou3 w'tabarou3at, rah NGO.

💡 À retenir : NGO = Non-Governmental (indépendante).

1. It has the largest membership (almost all countries).
2. Its primary goal is maintaining international peace and security.
3. It provides a platform for dialogue to prevent global conflicts.

💡 À retenir : The UN is the main forum for global diplomacy.

1. Non, l'examen national kay-rkez 3la l'compréhension w'l'usage dyal l'vocabulaire.
2. Ma-ghadi-ch y-tleb lik l'date, walakin khassek t-3ref l'mission dyal kol wahda.

💡 À retenir : Focus on the "what" and "why" (missions), not the "when" (dates).

1. It refers to material or logistical assistance provided to people who need help.
2. It is usually given during emergencies like natural disasters, wars, or famines.
3. Organizations like the Red Cross or UNICEF are famous for this.

💡 À retenir : Humanitarian aid saves lives and reduces suffering.

1. Commenci b'une phrase d'introduction (The UN plays a vital role in global stability).
2. Zidi 2 aw 3 dyal les arguments (peacekeeping, human rights).
3. Khtmi b'une conclusion (It is essential for a better world).

💡 À retenir : Use linking words like "Firstly", "Moreover", and "In conclusion".

1. It provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries.
2. It focuses on reducing poverty and supporting economic development.
3. It funds projects like schools, hospitals, and infrastructure.

💡 À retenir : The World Bank is an engine for economic growth.

1. No, they cannot solve everything alone.
2. They need the support of governments and international organizations.
3. They are very effective at the local level and in raising awareness.

💡 À retenir : Global problems require global cooperation.

1. It is a country that has officially joined an international organization.
2. By joining, the country agrees to follow the rules of that organization.
3. Member states pay dues to support the organization's activities.

💡 À retenir : Membership implies commitment to shared goals.

1. Because the action (signing the treaty) is more important than who signed it.
2. It sounds more formal and objective in academic writing.
3. Example: "The agreement was signed in 2020."

💡 À retenir : Passive voice = Objectivity.

1. It is the UN agency responsible for international public health.
2. It coordinates responses to health emergencies (like pandemics).
3. It sets standards for health and disease control worldwide.

💡 À retenir : WHO = Health for all.

1. Yes, its primary focus is the protection and development of children.
2. It works to ensure children have access to education, clean water, and health.
3. It also supports mothers in developing countries.

💡 À retenir : UNICEF = Children's rights.